Iinjini zeBrushless ziindidi zeenjini zombane ezithi, ngokungafaniyo nebhrashi yesiqhelo okanye iimotor zamalahle, Ukususwa kwamalahle kwiimoto ezixubeneyo kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwezi motor xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zamalahle eziqhelekileyo.
Ngenxa yeengenelo ezininzi zeemoto ezingenabrashi, izixhobo zethu ezininzi zisebenzisa iimotor ezingenasibhrashi ukuhamba nawe ngamandla azo awodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko.Ubomi obude, ubunzima obulula kunye nokuveliswa kwengxolo encinci ziphakathi kweempawu ezahlula ezi njini kwiinjini zamalahle.
IiMoto ngoomatshini bokuhanjiswa koMbane
Xa iinjineli zijamelene nocelomngeni lokuyila izixhobo zombane ukuze zenze umsebenzi woomatshini, zisenokucinga ngendlela imiqondiso yombane eguqulwa ngayo ibe ngamandla.Ke ii-activators kunye neenjini ziphakathi kwezixhobo eziguqula imiqondiso yombane ibe yintshukumo.IiMotor zitshintshisa amandla ombane kumandla omatshini.
Olona hlobo lulula lwemoto yimoto ye-DC ebrashiweyo.Kolu hlobo lwemoto, umbane okhoyo ugqithiswa ngeekhoyili ezilungiselelwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yamagnetic esisigxina.Ikhoyo ngoku ivelisa imimandla yamagnetic kwiikhoyili;oku kubangela ukuba ikhoyili ijike, njengoko ikhoyili nganye ityhalelwa kude kwipali efana neyo kwaye itsalelwe kwipali engafaniyo neyomhlaba omiselweyo.Ukugcina ukujikeleza, kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela umva ngokuqhubekayo-ukuze i-coil polarities ihlale ijikeleza, ibangela ukuba iikhoyili ziqhubeke "zixosha" izibonda ezingafaniyo.Amandla kwiikhoyili anikezelwa ngeebrashi ezizinzileyo eziqhubayo ezidibanisa nomhambisi ojikelezayo;kukujikeleza kwe-commutator eyenza ukuguqulwa kwangoku ngokusebenzisa iikhoyili.Umhambisi kunye neebhrashi ngamacandelo aphambili okwahlula ibhrashi yemoto yeDC kwezinye iintlobo zeemoto.Umzobo 1 ubonisa umgaqo jikelele wemoto ebrashiweyo.
Umzobo 1: Ukusebenza kweBrushed DC Motor.
Iibrashi ezizinzileyo zibonelela ngamandla ombane kwisihambisi esijikelezayo.Njengoko i-commutator ijikeleza, iqhubeka ijika isalathiso sangoku kwiikhoyili, iguqule i-coil polarities ukwenzela ukuba iikhoyili zigcine ukujikeleza okuchanekileyo.I-commutator ijikeleza ngenxa yokuba ifakwe kwi-rotor apho iikhoyili zifakwe khona.
IiMotor ziyahluka ngokohlobo lwazo lwamandla (AC okanye DC) kunye nendlela yazo yokuvelisa ukujikeleza (Umfanekiso 2).Ngezantsi, sijonga ngokufutshane kwiimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kohlobo ngalunye.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeMoto
Iinjini ze-DC ezixutyiweyo, ezinoyilo olulula kunye nolawulo olulula, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvula nokuvala iitreyi zedisk.Kwiimoto, zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhlehlisa, ukwandisa, kunye nokubeka iifestile ezisecaleni ezisebenza ngombane.Iindleko eziphantsi zezi motor zenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa okuninzi.Enye intsilelo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba iibhrashi kunye nabahambi bathanda ukunxiba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwabo okuqhubekayo, kufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
I-stepper motor iqhutywa yi-pulses;ijikeleza nge-engile ethile (inyathelo) nge-pulse nganye.Ngenxa yokuba ukujikeleza kulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngenani lee-pulses ezifunyenweyo, ezi motors zisetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukuphumeza ukulungiswa kweendawo.Zihlala zisetyenziswa, umzekelo, ukulawula ukutya kwephepha koomatshini befeksi kunye nabashicileli-ekubeni ezi zixhobo zondla iphepha ngamanyathelo amiselweyo, ahambelana ngokulula nokubala kwe-pulse.Ukunqumama kunokulawulwa ngokulula, njengoko ukujikeleza kwemoto kuyeka ngoko nangoko xa umqondiso we-pulse uphazamiseka.
Ngama-motor synchronous, ukujikeleza kulungelelaniswa kunye ne-frequency yonikezelo lwangoku.Ezi njini zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iitreyi ezijikelezayo kwii-oveni zemicrowave;iigiya zokunciphisa kwiyunithi yemoto zingasetyenziselwa ukufumana isantya esifanelekileyo sokujikeleza ukutshisa ukutya.Ngama-motor induction, kwakhona, isantya sokujikeleza siyahluka ngokuphindaphindiweyo;kodwa intshukumo ayingqamanisi.Ngaphambili, ezi motors zazisoloko zisetyenziswa kwiifeni zombane kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenjini ezisetyenziswa ngokufanayo.Kule seshoni, sijonga iingenelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-brushless DC motors.
Kutheni i-BLDC Motors ijika?
Njengoko igama labo lisitsho, ii-motor ze-DC ezingasebenzisi brashi azisebenzisi iibrashi.Ngama-motor brushed, iibrashi zihambisa okwangoku ngokuhamba nge-commutator kwiikhoyili kwi-rotor.Ke i-motorless brushless idlula njani ngoku kwiikhoyili zerotor?Akunjalo-kuba iikhoyili azikho kwi-rotor.Kunoko, i-rotor yimagnethi esisigxina;iikhoyili azijikelezi, kodwa endaweni yoko zilungiswe kwindawo kwi-stator.Ngenxa yokuba iikhoyili azihambi, akukho mfuneko yeebrashi kunye ne-commutator.(Jonga umfanekiso. 3.)
Nge-motor brushed, ukujikeleza kufezekiswa ngokulawula amasimi amagnetic awenziwe ngamakhoyili kwi-rotor, ngelixa i-magnetic field eyenziwa yimagnethi emileyo ihlala ihleli.Ukutshintsha isantya sokujikeleza, utshintsha i-voltage yeekhoyili.Ngemoto ye-BLDC, yimagnethi esisigxina ejikelezayo;ukujikeleza kuphunyezwa ngokuguqula isalathiso semimandla yamagnetic eyenziwe ziikhoyili ezijikelezayo ezimileyo.Ukulawula ukujikeleza, ulungelelanisa ubukhulu kunye nolwalathiso lwangoku kule mibhobho.
Ekubeni i-rotor iyimagnethi esisigxina, ayifuni okwangoku, isusa imfuno yeebrashi kunye ne-commutator.Okwangoku kwiikhoyili ezisisigxina zilawulwa ngaphandle.
Izinto ezilungileyo zeBLDC Motors
Injini ye-BLDC eneekhoyili ezintathu kwi-stator iya kuba neengcingo zombane ezintandathu (ezimbini ukuya kwikhoyili nganye) eziphuma kwezi khoyili.Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezintathu zezi ngcingo ziya kudityaniswa ngaphakathi, kunye neengcingo ezintathu eziseleyo ezisuka kumzimba wemoto (ngokungafaniyo neengcingo ezimbini ezisuka kwi-motor brushed echazwe ngaphambili).Iingcingo kwimeko ye-motor ye-BLDC intsonkothe ngakumbi kunokudibanisa nje iitheminali ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zeseli yamandla;siza kujonga ngakumbi ukuba ezi motor zisebenza njani kwiseshoni yesibini yolu ngcelele.Apha ngezantsi, sigqiba ngokujonga kuncedo lweenjini ze-BLDC.
Enye inzuzo enkulu kukusebenza kakuhle, njengoko ezi motors zinokulawula ngokuqhubekayo kumandla amakhulu okujikeleza (torque).Iimotor ezibrashiweyo, ngokuchaseneyo, zifikelela kwitorque ephezulu kumanqaku athile kuphela ekujikelezeni.Ukuze i-motor ebrashiweyo inike i-torque efanayo njengemodeli ye-brushless, kuya kufuneka isebenzise iimagnethi ezinkulu.Kungenxa yoko le nto neemoto ezincinci zeBLDC zinokuzisa amandla amakhulu.
Inzuzo yesibini enkulu-enxulumene neyokuqala-kukulawuleka.Iinjini ze-BLDC zinokulawulwa, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuphendula, ukuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo itorque efunwayo kunye nesantya sokujikeleza.Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu, kwaye-kwiimeko apho iimotor zisebenza ngebhetri-bandisa ubomi bebhetri.
Iinjini ze-BLDC zikwabonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuveliswa kwengxolo yombane ephantsi, ngenxa yokungabikho kweebhrashi.Ngama-motor brushed, iibrashi kunye ne-commutator ziyancipha ngenxa yoqhagamshelwano oluqhubekayo oluhambayo, kunye nokuvelisa iintlantsi apho uqhagamshelwano lwenziwa khona.Ingxolo yombane, ngokukodwa, iyiphumo leentlantsi ezinamandla ezivame ukuvela kwiindawo apho iibrashi zidlula izithuba kwi-commutator.Yiyo loo nto iinjini ze-BLDC zihlala zithathwa njengezona zikhethwayo kwizicelo apho kubalulekile ukunqanda ingxolo yombane.
Izicelo ezifanelekileyo ze-BLDC Motors
Sibonile ukuba iinjini ze-BLDC zibonelela ngobuchule obuphezulu kunye nokulawulwa, kwaye zinobomi obude bokusebenza.Ngoko zilungele ntoni?Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo eziqhuba ngokuqhubekayo.Kudala zisetyenziswa koomatshini bokuhlamba, i-air conditioners, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ezithengwayo;kwaye ngoku kutshanje, babonakala kubalandeli, apho ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu kuye kwaba negalelo ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Zikwasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba oomatshini bokutshayela.Kwimeko enye, utshintsho kwiprogram yokulawula lubangele ukutsiba okukhulu kwisantya sokujikeleza-umzekelo wolawulo oluphezulu olunikezwa ngala ma-motor.
Iinjini ze-BLDC zikwasetyenziselwa ukujikelezisa ii-hard disk drives, apho ukuqina kwazo kugcina iidrive zisebenza ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elide, ngelixa ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo kunegalelo ekunciphiseni amandla kwindawo apho oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubhekisa kuSetyenziso oluBanzi kwikamva
Sinokulindela ukubona iinjini zeBLDC zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwixesha elizayo.Ngokomzekelo, mhlawumbi baya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuqhuba iirobhothi zenkonzo-iirobhothi ezincinci ezinikezela ngeenkonzo kwiindawo ngaphandle kokuvelisa.Omnye unokucinga ukuba ii-motor stepper ziya kufaneleka ngakumbi kolu hlobo lwesicelo, apho ii-pulses zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo indawo.Kodwa iimotor zeBLDC zikulungele ngakumbi ukulawula amandla.Kwaye kunye ne-motor stepper, ukubamba indawo yesakhiwo esifana nengalo yerobhothi kuya kufuna i-current enkulu kwaye eqhubekayo.Nge-motor ye-BLDC, yonke into eya kufunwa ngumlinganiselo wangoku kumandla angaphandle-ukuvumela ukulawula okusebenzayo kwamandla.Iimotor ze-BLDC zinokuthi zitshintshe iimotor ze-dc ezixutyiweyo kwiinqwelo zegalufa kunye neenqwelo zokuhamba.Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kwabo ngcono, iinjini ze-BLDC zinokunikezela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo-enokuthi iphinde yandise ubomi bebhetri.
Iinjini ze-BLDC zikwafanelekile kwiidrones.Ukukwazi kwabo ukuhambisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kubenza bafaneleke ngokukodwa kwiidrone ze-multirotor, apho isimo sengqondo se-drone silawulwa ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya sokujikeleza kwe-rotor nganye.
Kule seshoni, sibonile indlela iinjini ze-BLDC ezibonelela ngayo ngokugqibeleleyo, ukulawulwa, kunye nobomi obude.Kodwa ulawulo olunenyameko nolufanelekileyo lubalulekile ekuthatheni ithuba elipheleleyo lamandla eenjini.Kwiseshoni yethu elandelayo, siza kujonga indlela ezi njini zisebenza ngayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023